ABS pipe: A black soft plastic pipe used for drain, waste and vent pipe in place of PVC because of its sound deadening properties. Its put together using special glue made for putting ABS together.

Aluminum flashing: Aluminum used to cover the edge of the eaves and valleys of roofs to make them watertight. Often coated with a baked on enamel finish. Comes in varying lengths, sizes and different colors, the most popular being white.

Aluminum gutters: Aluminum bent into a channel shape used to collect water run off from a roof and channel it away from a house. Often coated with a baked on enamel finish. Comes in varying lengths, sizes and different colors, the most popular being white.

Aluminum shutters: A board the same length and half the width of a window made of two boards of enameled aluminum on either side a window. They can be paneled or louvered. They are used for aesthetics or as they have been traditionally, to protect windows from damage such as storms. They come in many different colors and are used because they are resistant to insects, water and rot.

Aluminum siding: Aluminum bent into the shape of wood clapboards and embossed with wood grain. Often coated with a baked on enamel finish. Comes in varying lengths, reveals and different colors, the most popular being white.

Anchor: A small round tube made in different lengths and diameters to fit the type of screw and thickness of drywall that you have or a bolt with metal flanges at the end that open up in the wall when the bolt is tightened down. They are used to attach things to the wall where there aren’t any studs for support.

Architectural shingles: Double layered asphalt shingles usually offset by approximately an inch. Often designed to mimic the appearance of slate shingles from a distance. These shingles have the longest warranties ranging from 30 to 50 years.

Asphalt: A substance made from tar and gravel used to pave driveways.

Asphalt driveways: Roads paved with asphalt that lead to garages or carports used to park cars.

Asphalt shingles: Roofing shingles made out of asphalt. Normally found in what is called a 3-tab shingle, which means one panel has three shingles. They come in regular and Architectural styles, Architectural being the best. They have varying warranties anywhere from 25 years to 50 years.

Baked on enamel: A hard paint finish sprayed and then heated onto materials in a furnace at a factory. Used a lot on plumbing fixtures and appliances. Comes in varying colors.

Baluster: A piece of wood evenly spaced and placed in a vertical position on a deck or stairway and attached to a deck or stairway railing. Used for aesthetics as well as safety to prevent people from falling off the deck or stairway.

Balustrade: Also known as a stairway or deck railing. Named for the balusters, which are attached to it.

Baseboard: A moulding placed at the base of a wall around the edge of a floor. Comes in varying lengths, widths, and depths. Often in 3 inch widths in newer homes. In older homes made before the 1930’s it is usually in 6 to 8 inch widths.

Bead board: 1 to 4 inch pieces of wood in various lengths and depths rounded over on the front of the two longest sides or run a bead detail along it. Usually used for wainscoting, but also used on ceilings, backsplashes and cabinetry. It can be made of solid wood and put in plywood panels.

Berber carpet: Carpet comprised of uncut or cut loops of woven carpet material such as yarn or sometimes shreds of woven cloth usually consisting of nylon, polyester, cotton or wool. Very short compared to other types such as plush carpeting. Comes in different patterns and colors. It is very popular because of its resistance to wear and its easy cleaning. Often used in basements and high traffic areas.

Biscuit: A small flat oval shaped piece of wood used to align and attach two pieces of wood. Come in varying sizes.

Block: A term used to refer to anything from a concrete block to a paver or even a small piece of wood.

Blue board: A special variety of drywall used in place of lathe for plaster inside a home.

Blue stone: Similar to flagstone it has a deep blue color and comes indifferent sizes and shapes. It's most common to the New England area. Color varies slightly from stone to stone. Often used for pathways.

Board and baton siding: Siding that consists of flat panels put against the wall and long thin strips placed vertically and evenly spaced along the wall. Comes in wood and vinyl styles. Often found on old campground cabins.

Bolt: A piece of long round metal in different widths and lengths with threads, which have different shaped and sized, heads and are used to attach things.

Bottom plate: A 2 x 4 or 2 x 6 placed horizontally on the bottom of a wall to which all the studs are attached. It can also be used to hold to wall sections together.

Brass pipe: Pipe made of brass. Can become very brittle over time.

Brick: A block of clay or concrete molded into a rectangle usually 3” x 6” x 2” and dried or fired in a kiln. Used in building, wall and bridge construction. Comes in red and several different colors.

Brick veneer: Usually a ¼” thick piece of 2” x 6” concrete or clay brick used to give the illusion of a real solid brick wall. Often used around foundations over the concrete to give the illusion of a brick foundation. Comes in the same colors as regular brick.

Cabinet grade plywood: A special type of plywood with a face veneer which is free of defects such as knots, wormholes, splits, cracks, etc. Comes in various thicknesses from 1/8” to 1” and sizes from 2’ x 2’ to 4’ x 8’. Used in the construction of cabinetry.

Carpenters glue: Another name for wood glue, which is a yellow glue made to attach wood.

Carpet: A woven fabric made of yarn or sometimes shreds of woven cloth usually consisting of nylon, polyester, cotton or wool. There are different types such as cut loop and uncut loop. The higher the weave the softer, smoother, more crush resistant and durable the carpet is. There are several different styles to choose from including berber, plush, velvet and sisal.

Carriage bolt: A round headed bolt often used for putting together outdoor furniture including kids outdoor play equipment.

Cast iron pipe: A black pipe made from iron cast into the shape of a pipe used for drain, waste and vent pipe because of its sound deadening properties. Often found in older homes. PVC and ABS replaced it in the late 20th century because they were more durable and easier to keep clean. Tends to become very brittle after a long time. Still used occasionally because it is quieter than PVC or ABS for drain, waste and vent pipe.

Caulk: A paste usually made with silicone that when hardened is used to seal cracks in materials such as wood, plastic, metal, masonry and concrete. It comes in large tubes and is applied using a caulk gun usually. Due to expansion and contraction it tends to crack and split over time. Sometimes polyurethane is used to keep it from cracking and splitting so quickly. Comes in different types for different applications such as windows and doors, indoor/outdoor and concrete crack sealer.

CDX: An abbreviation for CDX plywood.

CDX plywood: An exterior grade (outdoor) plywood pressure treated with chemicals to resist rot, insects and warping. This is often used for sheathing on roofs and the outside of walls as well as anything else that is going to be outside. Normally made of cheap plywood with lots of defects such as splitting, cracking, wormholes and knots.

Cedar decking: Outdoor wood that is used for flooring on decks and porches. Cedar weathers to a light gray. Western red cedar tends to weather unevenly unlike white cedar. Western red cedar is more resistant to rot than white cedar thanks to tannic acid. Painting or bleaching can help even out the weathering. Is resistant to rot and insects.

Cedar lap siding: Outdoor wood that is used for siding on homes, sheds, workshops, garages and commercial buildings. Cedar weathers to a light gray. Western red cedar tends to weather unevenly unlike white cedar. Western red cedar is more resistant to rot than white cedar thanks to tannic acid. Painting or bleaching can help even out the weathering. Is resistant to rot and insects.

Cedar post: Outdoor wood that is used for posts on decks, pergolas, trellises and porches. Cedar weathers to a light gray. Western red cedar tends to weather unevenly unlike white cedar. Western red cedar is more resistant to rot than white cedar thanks to tannic acid. Painting or bleaching can help even out the weathering. Is resistant to rot and insects.

Cedar railing: Outdoor wood that is used for railing on decks and porches. Cedar weathers to a light gray. Western red cedar tends to weather unevenly unlike white cedar. Western red cedar is more resistant to rot than white cedar thanks to tannic acid. Painting or bleaching can help even out the weathering. Is resistant to rot and insects.

Cedar shakes: Outdoor wood that is used for roofing siding on homes, sheds, workshops, garages and commercial buildings. Cedar weathers to a light gray. Western red cedar tends to weather unevenly unlike white cedar. Western red cedar is more resistant to rot than white cedar thanks to tannic acid. Painting or bleaching can help even out the weathering. Is resistant to rot and insects.

Cedar shingles: Outdoor wood that is used for roofing siding on homes, sheds, workshops, garages and commercial buildings. Cedar weathers to a light gray. Western red cedar tends to weather unevenly unlike white cedar. Western red cedar is more resistant to rot than white cedar thanks to tannic acid. Painting or bleaching can help even out the weathering. Is resistant to rot and insects.

Ceiling tile: Usually made of Styrofoam, wood or metal these tiles fit into openings in a grid made of wood or metal suspended from the ceiling. Normal sizes range from 2’ x 2’ to 4’ x 4’.

Cellulose insulation: insulation made of shredded old newspapers, jeans, etc. used to fill cavities in walls, ceilings and floors. Usually blown in with either air or water using a vacuum like machine. Used often in attic floors.

Cement: A common nickname for concrete. Also a ground stone such as limestone that is an additive in many concrete mixes.

Cement board: A board made in various thicknesses from ¼” to 5/8” and in sizes ranging from 3’ x 5’ to 4’ x 8’. Made by mixing Portland cement, fiberglass fibers and fine gravel and embedding a fiberglass mesh on both sides to hold it together. Often used underneath tile or in other areas that need to be waterproof including floors and walls in bathrooms.

Ceramic tile: Floor and wall tiles from ¼” to 3/8” thick made from fired clay which is usually glazed to add color. Comes in a variety of colors. Used for a hard, easy to clean finish in entryways, kitchens, bathrooms, laundry rooms, etc.

Chain link fencing: A grid made of heavy gauge galvanized wire. Often used to keep dogs in the yard or to keep people and animals out of a certain area.

Chair rail: A small moulding that is at a certain height, usually about 3’ of the floor on the walls in a room. Called chair rail because it was used to keep the chairs in a dining room from damaging the wall back in the 18th and 19th centuries. Often used to top off wainscoting.

Chemical-based stripper: A chemical, such as an acid used to remove finishes, such as paint, varnish, polyurethane and stain from wood so that it can be refinished.

Chip board: A term used to refer to OSB, or oriented strand board sometimes. It means a board that is made from glue and wood chips that are laminated in layers going opposite directions to make it stronger. It is often used because it is cheap and environmentally friendly since it uses waste and does not have to come from old growth trees. It comes in the same sizes and thicknesses as plywood.

Clapboards: Siding made of boards, which are often evenly spaced and attached to the walls on the outside of the house. Often they are cut on a slight angle lengthwise along the board to make them easier to layer and attach to the walls.

Clay tile: A tile made of clay usually fired and unglazed often called terracotta. Used in many Southwestern style, Mission Style or Spanish homes.

Clay roofing tile: A tile made of clay molded into a half-barrel shape usually. Used for roof tiles on many Southwestern style, Mission Style or Spanish homes.

Cobbles: A shorter name for large, small or medium size weathered bricks, which have been tumbled and distressed on the edges. Often they are used to pave pathways, patios, driveways, roads and streets as well as used for landscaping bed edging. They were commonly used for street paving until the early 20th century and are still often found in certain older districts of some older cities and towns.

Cobblestone: Large, small or medium size weathered bricks, which have been tumbled and distressed on the edges. Often they are used to pave pathways, patios, driveways, roads and streets as well as used for landscaping bed edging. They were commonly used for street paving until the early 20th century and are still often found in certain older districts of some older cities and towns.

Composite decking: A board comprised of plastic resin and wood fiber used for flooring on decks and porches. It is extremely resistant to warping, rotting, splitting, cracking, chipping, insects, etc. Cuts and installs just like wood. Often used as a replacement for wood decking because it is low maintenance and needs no staining or painting.

Composite post: A board comprised of plastic resin and wood fiber used for posts on pergolas, trellises, decks and porches. It is extremely resistant to warping, rotting, splitting, cracking, chipping, insects, etc. Cuts and installs just like wood. Often used as a replacement for wood posts because it is low maintenance and needs no staining or painting.

Composite railing: A board comprised of plastic resin and wood fiber used for railing on decks and porches. It is extremely resistant to warping, rotting, splitting, cracking, chipping, insects, etc. Cuts and installs just like wood. Often used as a replacement for wood railing because it is low maintenance and needs no staining or painting.

Concrete: A mixture of Portland cement, sand and gravel used for foundations, sidewalks, outdoor steps, floors, porches, walls, cultured stone, etc. There are different types ranging from a fast setting mixture to extra strength for porches. Can be poured into many shapes and colored in various colors. Used for its strength, water resistance and ability to be molded into many shapes.

Concrete adhesive: A glue that comes in bottles like caulk and is specially made to attach things to concrete. Applied using a caulk gun.

Concrete blocks: 8”x 16” x 8” hollow concrete blocks with two large holes used for building walls for commercial, residential and foundations.

Concrete countertops: Durable, hard, heat resistant countertops molded out of concrete, custom fit to any cabinetry. Once they dry the surfaces are filled with cement and smoothed out to fill all the empty pores in the countertops. Then the surface covered with masonry sealer to seal it so it won’t stain. Comes in various colors and styles.

Concrete paver: A paving stone or block made of concrete used to lay down a path or a patio. They come in various colors, styles and sizes from 12” x 12” to 18” x 18” and are usually 2” thick.

Concrete tile: Flat roof tiles made out of concrete made to resemble slate roof tiles. Hard and durable they are used in place of other shingles. Come in various colors and styles.

Conduit: Metal shaped into a pipe, which is used for running wires through walls and ceilings in commercial structures as well as underground. Protects wires from damage and from the elements.

Contact cement: clear liquid glue used to attach laminates. Rollers are used to spread contact cement on both the laminate and the substrate. The glue has to dry until it is tacky, sticky, but dry to the touch or the two pieces will not stick, or bond properly. Strips of cardboard or wood are laid onto the substrate to keep the laminate and substrate separate and allow it to be moved into place. Once the two pieces are stuck together they will not come apart, however the strips used to align them will not stick to either surface.

Copper pipe: Pipe made out of copper used for plumbing residential and commercial projects. Often used for hot and cold water runs for plumbing fixtures. It has to be soldered at the joints to make them waterproof and keep them connected.

Copper flashing: Copper panels used in valleys and on the eaves of residential and commercial project to keep roofs waterproof. It weathers to a light green with age and exposure to the elements.

Copper gutters: Bent copper channel shaped panels used on the eaves of residential and commercial project to channel water away from the building keeping it dry and protected from water damage. It weathers to a light green with age and exposure to the elements.

Copper roofing: Copper panels used on roofs of residential and commercial project like shingles for aesthetics and to keep roofs waterproof. Sometimes used over bay and bow windows for aesthetics. Used on lower roofs of two story homes sometimes to protect that roof from ice falling off the higher roof. It weathers to a light green with age and exposure to the elements.

Corian: Sometimes used as slang for solid surface material it is actually a brand name of solid surface countertop. Material made of plastic, sometimes several different kinds that is molded into any type of countertop the person needs. Comes with different edges, colors, styles and can be customized with different inlays, drains and built in sinks. Popular because of how easy it is to keep clean, maintain and resistance to heat. Often used as a substitute for more expensive stone or natural countertops.

Corner medallion: A decorative square block of wood usually 3” x 3” x ½” in size. Used in the top corners of the casing around doors and windows instead of mitering.

Countertop: A surface made of stone, wood, plastic or wood that is put on top of cabinets. Used to attach sinks, faucets, etc. and store appliances and other things on.

Cripple stud: A short stud used for support under windows and knee walls.

Crown moulding: A decorative moulding usually angled at 45 degrees attached around the top of walls. Often found in older homes from the 18th, 19th and early 20th century as well as in newer high-class homes. Common to Victorians, Colonials, Craftsmen style homes, etc.

Cultured marble: A material made with crushed marble mixed with plastic resin and molded into a countertop usually about an inch thin. Similar to solid surface material, but not quite as strong and it doesn’t come in as large of variety of colors. Often sold with vanities bought at home improvement centers. Occasionally used for showers and tubs.

Cultured stone: A material made out of concrete molded and colored to look like different types of stone. Comes in various types such as flagstone, fieldstone, sandstone, etc. Most are flat on the back so that they are easy to attach using mortar to give the illusion of stone on walls, foundations, etc. Some are made to use like patio stones.

Decking: A material, usually wood, which is used to create a surface on a deck, patio, porch or walkway for a person to walk on.

Dimensional lumber: A term used for standard solid wood lumber such as 2 x 4’s because of its dimensions.

Downspout: A sheet of metal usually, bent into a tube often squared off used for channeling water away from a building and out of the gutters.

Drain: A hole used as a way to get water away from something such as a sink, bathtub, shower, toilet, floor, etc.

Drainpipe: A pipe used to channel water away from a drain or to a drain.

Drain tile: A large pipe often made of clay or PVC with holes around it used to drain water away from foundations.

Drain/waste/vent pipe: The name for a pipe used to vent a plumbing fixture, drain water away from it or channel waste from a toilet to a sewer or septic tank.

Drywall: A nickname for gypsum board given because of its use to keep the wall dry. A board made from ground gypsum sandwiched between to sheets of paper. Comes in varying sizes from 2’ x 4’ to 4’ x 12’ and thickness from ¼” to 5/8”.

Drywall corner: A fiberglass, paper or metal strip bent to fit in inside or outside corners of walls. Some are self-stick and others are embedded in drywall mud to stick to a wall. Drywall mud is applied over it to make a corner on the wall.

Drywall joint compound: Also known as drywall mud it is used to cover and smooth out joints and nail or screw heads in drywall. A taping knife and occasionally a banjo is used to apply it to the drywall.

Drywall mud: Another name for drywall joint compound it is used to cover and smooth out joints and nail or screw heads in drywall. A taping knife and occasionally a banjo is used to apply it to the drywall.

Drywall paste: Another name for drywall joint compound it is used to cover and smooth out joints and nail or screw heads in drywall. A taping knife and occasionally a banjo is used to apply it to the drywall.

Drywall screw: A special black screw made specially to attach drywall to wall studs. Often used interchangeably with wood screws.

Drywall tape: A tape made of fiberglass or paper used to cover joints between drywall sheets. They come in a self-adhesive style and standard, which has to be applied into a bed of drywall mud. After they are applied they need to be covered over with drywall mud using a taping knife.

DuRock: A brand name for cement board also used as a nickname for cement board. A board made in various thicknesses from ¼” to 5/8” and in sizes ranging from 3’ x 5’ to 4’ x 8’. Made by mixing Portland cement, fiberglass fibers and fine gravel and embedding a fiberglass mesh on both sides to hold it together. Often used underneath tile or in other areas that need to be waterproof including floors and walls in bathrooms.

DWV pipe: An abbreviation for drain/waste/vent pipe. The name for a pipe used to vent a plumbing fixture, drain water away from it or channel waste from a toilet to a sewer or septic tank.

Enamel: A hard painted surface often used to make a hard, rust and waterproof surface often on metal such as plumbing fixtures and appliances. It can be applied with a spray can or as an atomized powder.

Engineered lumber: A term often used to refer to laminated lumber such as LVL’s, engineered wooden I-Joists, lam beams and other man made lumber creations.

Engineered wood flooring: A term often used to refer to veneer or laminate flooring, which is made like plywood with a surface of a real wood veneer or plastic laminate.

Engineered wooden I-Beam: Another name for engineered wooden I-Joists. They are plywood or OSB surrounded on two edges with laminated veneer lumber or dimensional lumber used in the place of floor trusses or dimensional lumber for holding up ceilings and giving a place to anchor your floors. They need bracing in between in order to keep them from moving side to side, but are much stronger than dimensional lumber or trusses from the top down. Sometimes they are used for rafters to get more space in the attic or cathedral ceiling. They are a stronger, less expensive option and because they are straight it cuts down on labor for installing them since they have no bow like dimensional lumber or trusses often have. They come in different lengths and heights to fit the size of the building they are going into.

Engineered wooden I-Joist: They are plywood or OSB surrounded on two edges with laminated veneer lumber or dimensional lumber used in the place of floor trusses or dimensional lumber for holding up ceilings and giving a place to anchor your floors. They need bracing in between in order to keep them from moving side to side, but are much stronger than dimensional lumber or trusses from the top down. Sometimes they are used for rafters to get more space in the attic or cathedral ceiling. They are a stronger, less expensive option and because they are straight it cuts down on labor for installing them since they have no bow like dimensional lumber or trusses often have. They come in different lengths and heights to fit the size of the building they are going into.

Epoxy: A special glue that is made from a type of plastic and is very strong. It can be used on wood, plastic, metal, etc. Often it comes in two small tubes, a hardener and a glue, and is clear. The glue by itself without the hardener can be used as a hard, protective, waterproof coating for wooden boats and outdoor furniture.

Eyebolt: A bolt with an end bent into a circle that does not connect back on itself. It is used to hang things such as swings, hanging plants, etc.

Expanding foam insulation: A special mixture of chemicals, which expand when sprayed onto a surface such as a wall cavity. Comes in two types urethane and icynene and two styles regular and dense. Urethane was the popular version until it was outlawed because of its health and environmental effects. Regular type is used for most installations because it allows the wall to breathe, dense is used in situations such as basements where there is a need to be waterproof and should not be used for normal installations. It can be sprayed with air or water, air is the most popular. It can be applied in small amounts using a spray can, but for larger installations an insulation contractor who is trained to handle it should apply it.

Fiberboard: A term used to refer to particleboard. A board that is made from glue and wood fiber glued together to make a large board. It is often used because it is cheap and environmentally friendly since it uses waste and does not have to come from old growth trees. It comes in the same sizes and thicknesses as plywood. If exposed to water it will swell and it will not go back into shape as it dries. It also tends to rot.

Fiberboard siding: A term used to refer to hardboard or Masonite siding. A board that is made from glue and wood fiber glued together to make a long 3/8” thick flat clapboard and embossed with wood grain. It is installed just like wood clapboards except that it needs to be caulked around all the edges. It is often used because it is cheap and environmentally friendly since it uses waste and does not have to come from old growth trees. It tends to rot within five years even if installed properly and does not usually have over a five-year warranty. It comes in the same lengths as wood clapboards, but is much thinner.

Fiber-cement siding: Siding made from a mixture of cement and fiberglass fibers embossed with wood grain. It comes in many different styles such as lap, board and baton, shingle and tongue & groove. It needs to be painted and can be pre-primed or unfinished. You can use oil or latex paint on it just as you would with wood. It is resistant to warping, splitting, cracking or rotting and is extremely fire resistant. Unlike wood siding if exposed to fire it will only smolder and turn black instead of catching on fire and will not damage the material at all. It can be cut and drilled with regular woodworking tools in any way necessary just like wood.

Fiberglass columns: Hollow columns made of fiberglass to look like wood columns. Sometimes filled with a wood or metal post for structure. Often used because of their low maintenance, low cost and easy installation. They come in only two different colors usually, white and dark green, the most common is white. It can be cut and drilled with regular woodworking tools in any way necessary just like wood. They can be sanded and painted, but will lose their low maintenance exterior.

Fiberglass drywall corner: A tape made of fiberglass that is bent into two sides equally. They come in a self-adhesive style and standard, which has to be applied into a bed of drywall mud. They also come in inside and outside corners. After they are applied they need to be covered over with drywall mud using a taping knife.

Fiberglass drywall tape: A tape made of fiberglass used to cover joints between drywall sheets. They come in a self-adhesive style and standard, which has to be applied into a bed of drywall mud. After they are applied they need to be covered over with drywall mud using a taping knife.

Fiberglass insulation: insulation made from fiberglass, which is spun into long strings like cotton candy and packed together. Often it is faced with a paper, plastic or foil sheet to hold it together, make it easier to install and create a vapor barrier. The unfaced or paper faced styles need to have a vapor barrier installed over them. When installed it is a good idea to wear goggles, a breathing mask and gloves because some people are allergic to this material and it causes itching.

Fiberglass railing: Hollow columns of fiberglass made to look like wood posts, rails and balusters. Sometimes the posts are filled with concrete or a wood or metal post for structure. Often used because of their low maintenance, low cost and easy installation. They come in only two different colors usually, white and dark green, the most common is white. It can be cut and drilled with regular woodworking tools in any way necessary just like wood. They can be sanded and painted, but will lose their low maintenance exterior.

Fieldstone: A common stone found in much of the world. Often round and smooth, it comes in many different colors and is usually no larger than 18” in diameter. Often it is used for building fireplaces and chimneys. In country homes built before the twentieth century it was often used to build stone foundations.

Finish nail: A nail with a very small head used for attaching trim. The small head makes it easy to hide in the wood grain of the trim and easy to cover with wood putty when wanted. They come in sizes from ½” to 2” finish nails.

Firebrick: A special dense clay brick made to resist fire damage. Often used to build or line fireplaces and chimneys.

Flagstone: A common stone found in much of the world. Often flat, it comes in different colors such as red and brown and several different sizes. Often it is used for building pathways and sometimes is cut to make siding.

Flex pipe: A special soft, flexible black plastic pipe used to attach sprinkler heads for underground sprinkler systems. It comes in different diameters from ½” to 1”.

Floating floor: Flooring where each section is attached to the rest, but not to the floor. The flooring just lies on top of the subfloor, which allows it to expand and contract with changes in humidity. Often floating floors are made from veneer or laminate flooring.

Floor trusses: Structures made of 2 x 4’s, which are attached to each other using nailing plates. They form a support for the flooring in a building. They come in different lengths and heights to fit the building they are being used for.

Foam glue: An extremely strong, clear, waterproof glue made using polyurethane. It is often used in outdoor projects or attaching something to concrete. It foams and fills the voids in an object so it can create a strong bond on ruff porous material like concrete.

Foam insulation: Insulation made from Styrofoam, which is used on the outside of homes, buildings or foundations. It adds insulation and protection. It comes in large 4’ x 8’ sheets and thicknesses from ½” to 2”.

Funny pipe: Another name for flex pipe special soft, flexible black plastic pipe used to attach sprinkler heads for underground sprinkler systems. It comes in different diameters from ½” to 1”.

Funny pipe elbow: A curved piece of soft black plastic pipe used to attach flex pipe to the main pipe for underground sprinkler systems. It comes in different angles from 30 to 90 degrees and different diameters from ½” to 1”.

Glass block: A decorative, clear, square block made of glass used for privacy and aesthetics. Often stacked on top of each other and laid like bricks using a special mortar made for glass block to create windows or walls. They are often found in Contemporary or Modern homes.

Glue: A sticky liquid that usually dries hard. It is used to attach things to one another such as two pieces of wood, plastic or metal.

Glue-lam beam: A beam made from dimensional lumber such as 2 x 4’s glued on top of each other. They are used for headers and ridge beams sometimes instead of solid dimensional lumber. They were mostly replaced by LVL’s in the 1990’s.

Glueless laminate flooring: Laminate flooring, which locks together using a small lip on the tongue which locks into the groove of the next piece without the need of glue or nails to hold it together.

Granite: A hard stone often cut into slabs and polished for countertops. Also used for steps, headstones and foundations in some older homes. Found in many high-end kitchens because of its beauty, durability and resistance to heat and stains.

Grass mulch: garden mulch made from grass clipping, which are collected from a bagger on the lawn mower. Used in gardens to hold in heat and moisture as well as ad nutrients as it rots.

Gravel: A mixture of small stones, pea gravel, sand and stone dust, often used as fill when pouring slabs of concrete or by itself or mixed with tar for paving roads.

Green board: A special variety of drywall used in place of regular drywall in bathrooms or other places where there is moisture inside a home. It is resistant to moisture damage and can be painted just like regular drywall.

Grout: A mixture of silicone or stone dust and water that is used to fill the spaces between tiles. It comes in white, beige, brown, gray or black.

Gypsum: A soft stone often ground, mixed with water and placed between to sheets of paper to make drywall.

Gypsum board: Another name for drywall given because of its composition. A board made from ground gypsum sandwiched between to sheets of paper. Comes in varying sizes from 2’ x 4’ to 4’ x 12’ and thickness from ¼” to 5/8”.

Hardboard: A board that is made from glue and wood fiber glued together. It is often used because it is cheap and environmentally friendly since it uses waste and does not have to come from old growth trees. It comes in thicknesses from 1/8” to ¼” and sizes from 2’ x 2’ to 4’ x 8’. If exposed to water for long it will swell and it will not go back into shape as it dries and may also rot.

Hardboard siding: A term used to refer to fiberboard or Masonite siding. A board that is made from glue and wood fiber glued together to make a long 3/8” thick flat clapboard and embossed with wood grain. It is installed just like wood clapboards except that it needs to be caulked around all the edges. It is often used because it is cheap and environmentally friendly since it uses waste and does not have to come from old growth trees. It tends to rot within five years even if installed properly and does not usually have over a five-year warranty. It comes in the same lengths as wood clapboards, but is much thinner.

Hardcore plywood: A special type of plywood that has a solid wood core covered with a sheet of veneer on either side going in different directions. It is often used for furniture or paneling. Comes in various thicknesses from 1/8” to 1” and sizes from 2’ x 2’ to 4’ x 8’.

Hardi-Plank siding: A nickname and brand name for fiber-cement siding. Siding made from a mixture of cement and fiberglass fibers embossed with wood grain. It comes in many different styles such as lap, board and baton, shingle and tongue & groove. It needs to be painted and can be pre-primed or unfinished. You can use oil or latex paint on it just as you would with wood. It is resistant to warping, splitting, cracking or rotting and is extremely fire resistant. Unlike wood siding if exposed to fire it will only smolder and turn black instead of catching on fire and will not damage the material at all. It can be cut and drilled with regular woodworking tools in any way necessary just like wood.

Hardwood flooring: Solid wood boards laid on floors to make a nice flat surface to walk on. Often they are put together using tongue & groove. It comes in different thicknesses from ½” to ¾” and varying widths and lengths. It comes in unfinished, which is sanded and finished after it is installed or prefinished, which comes finished from the factory so it can be installed and used the same day. Often it’s stained, but can be painted or enameled to make a different look. It needs to be nailed to the floor and or glued together.

Header: A beam of steel dimensional lumber, laminated veneer lumber or steel, which is used to hold up the weight of a roof or another floor to protect a window, door or opening.

Holland paver: A brick with beveled edges that is used to pave pathways, driveways, patios, etc.

Hollow core door: A hollow interior door covered with a laminate, hardboard or solid wood veneer. It is lighter than solid wood doors and is a cheap alternative to solid wood doors. It comes in both panel style doors and the most popular, flat, plain doors.

House wrap: A plastic sheet that allows air to pass through from one side and nothing from the other. It allows air to escape from the house so the house can breathe and allow the insulation and the walls to dry out if they get wet, without letting air or water in from outside. It comes in heights of 8’ to 10’ and varying lengths. It is used on the outside walls of the house to protect them from water damage and cut down on energy costs.

Ice & water shield: A rubber waterproof membrane, or sheet that is used along the eaves and valleys on a roof or on a window sill before it is installed. Sometimes installed over the whole roof like tar or felt paper to make it waterproof. Its most common use is on the eaves and valleys to protect them from ice dams.

Icynene foam insulation: A special mixture of chemicals, which expand when sprayed onto a surface such as a wall cavity. Comes in two styles regular and dense. Regular type is used for most installations because it allows the wall to breathe, dense is used in situations such as basements where there is a need to be waterproof and should not be used for normal installations. It can be sprayed with air or water, air is the most popular. It can be applied in small amounts using a spray can, but for larger installations an insulation contractor who is trained to handle it should apply it.

Insulation: A material used to help regulate temperature by keeping heat in during the winter and out during the summer. It is made out of different materials such as foam, fiberglass and rock wool.

Iron on veneer: A veneer with glue on the back that is heat activated. It comes in widths from ½” to 2’ and varying lengths. The veneer is laid on top of the wood, particleboard or plywood that it is to be attached to and using an iron with out steam it is ironed out until the glue melts and it sticks. When ironing it, be sure to keep the iron moving and do not sit in one spot for long or you will burn the wood.

Jack stud: A stud that is placed on either side of a door or opening to hold up a header, also called a jamb.

Jamb: The studs on either side of a window or door. A jamb supports the header and keeps the window or door in place. It provides a strong place put a deadbolt through to securely lock a door.

Jamb liner: A jamb liner is a strip of metal or vinyl that has a groove in it and is used to hold a window sash in place and allow it to move up and down. Jamb liners were invented as an alternative to sash cords and weights that are not energy efficient and have a tendency to break if not taken care of.

Joint compound: A shorter name for drywall joint compound it is used to cover and smooth out joints and nail or screw heads in drywall. A taping knife and occasionally a banjo is used to apply it to the drywall.

Kiln-dried lumber: A term used for standard solid wood lumber such as 2 x 4’s that is dried out in a large furnace to keep it from warping, twisting and cupping like lumber that is dried outside in the weather.

King stud: A stud on either side of the door or opening that runs from the top plate to the bottom plate to which the header and the jack studs are attached to.

Lam beam: A beam made from dimensional lumber such as 2 x 4’s glued on top of each other. They are used for headers and ridge beams sometimes instead of solid dimensional lumber. They were mostly replaced by LVL’s in the 1990’s.

Laminate: A thin plastic sheet that sometimes has an image imprinted on it used for countertops or flooring. Often used because it is a cheap alternative to other materials such as ceramic tile, wood or stone. It is attached to the substrate or underlayment using contact cement, glue that is rolled on either piece and dried until tacky then stuck together.

Laminate flooring: Boards made from layers of solid wood veneers layered on top of each other in opposite directions to make it stronger. The top layer is made from a plastic sheet with an image of hardwood flooring on it and stamped with faux wood grain. Often they are put together using tongue & groove. It comes in different thicknesses from ½” to ¾” and varying widths and lengths.

Laminated veneer lumber: Lumber made in standard dimensional sizes by laminating veneers of wood in layers going opposite directions just like plywood, but thicker, to make a stronger board. They are stronger and straighter than dimensional lumber and often twice as strong as its equivalent dimensional lumber.

Landscape block: A shorter name for large, small or medium size bricks used to pave pathways, patios, hold back dirt and surround flower beds as well as used for landscaping bed edging. They were commonly used for street paving until the early 20th century and are still often found in certain older districts of some older cities and towns.

Landscape rock: Round, smooth, polished rocks no larger than 2” often used around flowers and trees in flowerbeds.

Lap siding: Siding made of boards, which are often evenly spaced and attached to the walls on the outside of the house. Named for the fact that each one is lapped over the next one. Often they are cut on a slight angle lengthwise along the board to make them easier to layer and attach to the walls.

Latex-based paint: A liquid die made from latex, a plastic, and other chemicals which is used to cover metal, wood, drywall and other materials to protect and add color. Latex creates a nice smooth, waterproof surface that lies on top of the base material it was applied to.

Lathe: A fine wire mesh or small strips of wood attached to the studs or concrete board to cover with plaster or stucco. When the plaster or stucco is applied to it they ooze through and when they dry they create what are called keys, which hold the plaster or stucco to the walls or ceiling of the building so that it doesn’t fall down.

Lead paint: A liquid die made from lead, a metal, and other chemicals which is used to cover metal, wood, drywall and other materials to protect and add color. Lead was used as an additive in paint for many decades to make it more durable. In the 1960’s it was found to cause brain damage and other health hazards and was banned. If your house was built before the 1960’s you should have your paint tested to make sure it doesn’t contain lead. If you do have lead paint and it is not flaking, peeling or down in a place where you could put your mouth on it you can get away with painting over it, however if you want to remove the paint then you made need to get a licensed lead paint removal contractor to do it for you or check your local home improvement store or the internet for product to remove lead paint properly and safely. There are many products out there to use.

Lead pipe: A black metal pipe made from lead cast into the shape of a pipe used for drain, waste and vent pipe because of its sound deadening properties. Only found in older homes built before the 1960’s or 1970’s. PVC and ABS replaced it in the late 20th century because they were more durable and not hazardous to your health. Lead can cause brain damage and if you find lead pipes and want or need to remove them you need to hire a licensed lead removal contractor. If your pipes are clean, not damaged or need to be moved or altered you may be able to leave them there. It tends to become very brittle after a long time.

Level loop carpet: A woven fabric made of yarn usually consisting of nylon, polyester, cotton or wool that is cut to create a flat surface. It is usually only about a half an inch long and has a very high weave count. It is very tough, crush resistant and durable like berber. It comes in many different colors.

Limestone: A soft stone often used for posts, chalk, grout and other things.

Linoleum: A term often used for vinyl flooring. It actually is a thin, resilient rubbery flooring made from linseed oil rolled onto the floor on top of mastic. It is often found in older homes built before the 1950’s. It comes in many different colors made with dies.

Liquid Nail: A brand name often used generically to refer to a special kind of adhesive that comes in bottles like caulk and is used in place of wood glue, screws or nails in many framing applications. Applied using a caulk gun.

Louvered shutter: A shutter made of two boards on either side and three in the middle with open spaces in between filled with small strips of wood set on an angle to keep water out. They can be made from metal, wood or plastic and are used for aesthetics or as they have been traditionally, to protect windows from damage such as storms.

Lumber: A term used to refer to wood made into boards such as 2 x 4’s and 2 x 10’s.

LVL: An abbreviation for laminated veneer lumber. It means lumber made in standard dimensional sizes by laminating veneers of wood in layers going opposite directions just like plywood, but thicker, to make a stronger board. They are stronger and straighter than dimensional lumber and often twice as strong as its equivalent dimensional lumber.

Marble: A natural stone that is cut into slabs and used for countertops, tile, sculptures, etc. It is makes a hard surface just like granite or quartz. It has a lot of veining in it, which is what makes it distinctive, and comes in many natural colors.

Masonite: A term used to refer to hardboard. A board that is made from glue and wood fiber glued together. It is often used because it is cheap and environmentally friendly since it uses waste and does not have to come from old growth trees. It comes in thicknesses from 1/8” to ¼” and sizes from 2’ x 2’ to 4’ x 8’. If exposed to water for long it will swell and it will not go back into shape as it dries and may also rot.

Masonite siding: A term and a brand name used to refer to hardboard or fiberboard siding. A board that is made from glue and wood fiber glued together to make a long 3/8” thick flat clapboard and embossed with wood grain. It is installed just like wood clapboards except that it needs to be caulked around all the edges. It is often used because it is cheap and environmentally friendly since it uses waste and does not have to come from old growth trees. It tends to rot within five years even if installed properly and does not usually have over a five-year warranty. It comes in the same lengths as wood clapboards, but is much thinner.

Mastic: A sticky liquid like glue that is used for vinyl tile or wall tile instead of mortar. Often applied using a trowel.

MDF: An abbreviation for medium density fiberboard and a term used to refer to medium density overlay, a special type of particleboard covered with a thin paper, which makes a smooth, waterproof surface. A board that is made from glue, waterproof paper and wood fiber glued together to make a large board. It is often used because it is cheap and environmentally friendly since it uses waste and does not have to come from old growth trees. Often it is used in outdoor projects such as signs and entry doors because it lasts a long time. It comes in the same sizes and thicknesses as plywood. If the core is exposed to water it will swell and it will not go back into shape as it dries and will rot.

MDO: An abbreviation for medium density overlay, a special type of particleboard covered with a thin paper, which makes a smooth, waterproof surface. A board that is made from glue, waterproof paper and wood fiber glued together to make a large board. It is often used because it is cheap and environmentally friendly since it uses waste and does not have to come from old growth trees. Often it is used in outdoor projects such as signs and entry doors because it lasts a long time. It comes in the same sizes and thicknesses as plywood. If the core is exposed to water it will swell and it will not go back into shape as it dries and will rot.

MDO plywood: A term used to refer to medium density overlay, a special type of particleboard covered with a thin paper, which makes a smooth, waterproof surface. A board that is made from glue, waterproof paper and wood fiber glued together to make a large board. It is often used because it is cheap and environmentally friendly since it uses waste and does not have to come from old growth trees. Often it is used in outdoor projects such as signs and entry doors because it lasts a long time. It comes in the same sizes and thicknesses as plywood. If the core is exposed to water it will swell and it will not go back into shape as it dries and will rot.

Mechanical fasteners: A term used to refer to methods of attaching things such as screws, nails or bolts.

Medium density fiberboard: A term used to refer to medium density overlay, a special type of particleboard covered with a thin paper, which makes a smooth, waterproof surface. A board that is made from glue, waterproof paper and wood fiber glued together to make a large board. It is often used because it is cheap and environmentally friendly since it uses waste and does not have to come from old growth trees. Often it is used in outdoor projects such as signs and entry doors because it lasts a long time. It comes in the same sizes and thicknesses as plywood. If the core is exposed to water it will swell and it will not go back into shape as it dries and will rot.

Medium density overlay: A term used to refer to a special type of particleboard covered with a thin paper, which makes a smooth, waterproof surface. A board that is made from glue, waterproof paper and wood fiber glued together to make a large board. It is often used because it is cheap and environmentally friendly since it uses waste and does not have to come from old growth trees. Often it is used in outdoor projects such as signs and entry doors because it lasts a long time. It comes in the same sizes and thicknesses as plywood. If the core is exposed to water it will swell and it will not go back into shape as it dries and will rot.

Metal: A hard, dense material that conducts electricity and heat well and can be bent and molded into many different shapes. Used in many machines, fasteners and fixtures.

Metal anchor: A small round tube made in different lengths and diameters to fit the type of screw and thickness of drywall that you have or a bolt with metal flanges at the end that open up in the wall when the bolt is tightened down. They are used to attach things to the wall where there aren’t any studs for support.

Metal drywall corner: A tape made of metal that is bent into two sides equally. They come in a self-adhesive style and standard, which has to be applied into a bed of drywall mud. They also come in inside and outside corners. After they are applied they need to be covered over with drywall mud using a taping knife.

Metal jamb liner: A strip of metal that has a groove in it and is used to hold a window sash in place and allow it to move up and down. Jamb liners were invented as an alternative to sash cords and weights that are not energy efficient and have a tendency to break if not taken care of.

Metal lathe: A fine wire mesh attached to the studs or concrete board to cover with plaster or stucco. When the plaster or stucco is applied to it they ooze through and when they dry they create what are called keys, which hold the plaster or stucco to the walls or ceiling of the building so that it doesn’t fall down.

Metal screw: A thin wire like piece of metal with a point at one end and a flat, round piece of metal at the other end. It has horizontal flat threads, which stick into metal and hold tight. They come in different lengths and diameter.

Metal stud: Boards made of metal attached in a vertical position to the top and bottom plate of a wall. Used as a support to attach drywall or sheathing to and create a space to run pipes and wires through and fill with insulation. Used in construction because of their strength and resilience, which is much higher than wood. You need special tools like metal hole cutters and tin snips to make them fit, attach them and fish pipes and wires through them.

Molly bolt: A bolt with metal flanges at the end that open up in the wall when the bolt is tightened down. They are used to attach things to the wall where there aren’t any studs for support.

Mortar: A mixture of fine sand, Portland cement and water used for laying floor tile. It is often laid using a trowel.

Moulding: A name used to refer to decorative strips applied to furniture, walls and cabinetry. Often made from wood, but also made from plastic, metal, polyurethane, PVC, etc.

Mud: A term used to refer to drywall joint compound or mortar.

Mulch: A term used to refer to yard waste, also known as compost and any material such as rock, rubber or wood that is used to cover flower beds or gardens for looks and to prevent weeds and hold in moisture.

Nail: A thin wire like piece of metal with a point at one end and a flat, round piece of metal at the other end. It’s used to attach things. They come in different lengths diameters and types such as finish nails.

Nailing plate: A flat square or rectangular sheet of metal with small pointed protrusions of metal on one side. They are used for attaching two pieces of wood. Often they are found on trusses.

Oil-based paint: A liquid die made from oil, and other chemicals which is used to cover metal, wood, drywall and other materials to protect and add color. Oil creates a nice smooth, waterproof surface that soaks into the wood. Many people prefer to use it for trim instead of latex.

Oil-based stain: A liquid die made from oil, and other chemicals, which is used to color wood. Oil stain soaks into the wood and creates a nice colorful surface to add beauty to wood.

OSB: An abbreviation for oriented strand board. It means a board that is made from glue and wood chips that are laminated in layers going opposite directions to make it stronger. It is often used because it is cheap and environmentally friendly since it uses waste and does not have to come from old growth trees. It comes in the same sizes and thicknesses as plywood.

Oriented strand board: A board that is made from glue and wood chips that are laminated in layers going opposite directions to make it stronger. It is often used because it is cheap and environmentally friendly since it uses waste and does not have to come from old growth trees. It comes in the same sizes and thicknesses as plywood.

Panel: A sheet of wood, metal or plastic placed inside rails and styles to create a door or just a sheet of wood, metal or plastic.

Panel door: A solid door made of solid wood or MDO plywood. It is much heavier than hollow core doors and is much more durable and expensive than hollow core doors. It is often found in older homes built before the 1950’s as well as newer high-end homes.

Paper drywall corner: A tape made of paper that is bent into two sides equally. They come in a self-adhesive style and standard, which has to be applied into a bed of drywall mud. They also come in inside and outside corners. After they are applied they need to be covered over with drywall mud using a taping knife.

Paper drywall tape: A tape made of paper used to cover joints between the drywall sheets. They come in a self-adhesive style and standard, which has to be applied into a bed of drywall mud. After they are applied they need to be covered over with drywall mud using a taping knife.

Particleboard: A board that is made from glue and wood fiber glued together to make a large board. It is often used because it is cheap and environmentally friendly since it uses waste and does not have to come from old growth trees. It comes in the same sizes and thicknesses as plywood.

Patio block: A block made of concrete or clay used to lay down a path or a patio. They come in various colors, styles and sizes from 12” x 12” to 18” x 18” and are usually 2” thick.

Patterned carpet: A woven fabric made of yarn usually consisting of nylon, polyester, cotton or wool. The threads are trimmed at different lengths to create designs like intersecting diamonds in the carpet. It comes in both berber, which is the most popular and also plush and velvet. It comes in many different colors.

Paver: A name for a paving stone or block made of concrete or clay used to lay down a path or a patio. They come in various colors, styles and sizes from 12” x 12” to 18” x 18” and are usually 2” thick.

Paver base: A mixture of very fine stone dust and fine sand, compacted and used for a solid, firm base to lay paving stones on. It keeps weeds and grass out and creates a good base to minimize frost heave.

Paving stone: A block made of concrete or clay used to lay down a path or a patio. They come in various colors, styles and sizes from 12” x 12” to 18” x 18” and are usually 2” thick.

Pea gravel: Small stones and pebbles no larger than ¼” used for a base under concrete patios, driveways, etc. Makes good drainage.

Pegboard: A term used to refer to hardboard with evenly space ¼” holes in it. A board that is made from glue and wood fiber glued together. It is often used because it is cheap and environmentally friendly since it uses waste and does not have to come from old growth trees. It comes in thicknesses from 1/8” to ¼” and sizes from 2’ x 2’ to 4’ x 8’. If exposed to water for long it will swell and it will not go back into shape as it dries and may also rot. Often it is used to hang stuff on using special hooks of different sizes and types to hang things in workshops, garages or sheds.

PEX: A short name for PEX tubing or piping. A flexible plastic cross-linked polyethylene tube used for hot and cold water pipes and radiant heating tubes in buildings. It cost less and is easy to install since there are no joints in the walls when it is used. It attaches directly to the copper, which attaches to the fixture using a fitting, which is crimped by a special tool to make a strong waterproof connection. It has been used in Europe for years and was brought to the United States for radiant heating tubing and eventually for hot and cold water plumbing. Check your local area building codes to make sure that you can use it. You may need to sign as a test case to install it.

PEX pipe: A flexible plastic cross-linked polyethylene tube used for hot and cold water pipes and radiant heating tubes in buildings. It cost less and is easy to install since there are no joints in the walls when it is used. It attaches directly to the copper, which attaches to the fixture using a fitting, which is crimped by a special tool to make a strong waterproof connection. It has been used in Europe for years and was brought to the United States for radiant heating tubing and eventually for hot and cold water plumbing. Check your local area building codes to make sure that you can use it. You may need to sign as a test case to install it.

PEX tubing: A flexible plastic cross-linked polyethylene tube used for hot and cold water pipes and radiant heating tubes in buildings. It cost less and is easy to install since there are no joints in the walls when it is used. It attaches directly to the copper, which attaches to the fixture using a fitting, which is crimped by a special tool to make a strong waterproof connection. It has been used in Europe for years and was brought to the United States for radiant heating tubing and eventually for hot and cold water plumbing. Check your local area building codes to make sure that you can use it. You may need to sign as a test case to install it.

Plaster: A stone dust, which is mixed with water to make a thick liquid, which is like mayonnaise. It is put on walls and ceilings to create a hard, smooth surface that does not have to be painted. It is often found in older homes built before the 1950’s when people went to drywall more. Occasionally it is still used in new homes when someone wants it.

Plaster lathe: A fine wire mesh or thin strips of wood attached to the studs to cover with plaster. When the plaster is applied to it, it oozes through and when they dry they create what are called keys, which hold the plaster to the walls or ceiling of the building so that it doesn’t fall down.

Plastic anchor: A small round tube made in different lengths and diameters to fit the type of screw and thickness of drywall that you have. They are used to attach things to the wall where there aren’t any studs for support.

Play sand: Very fine stone pebbles often used in sandboxes for kids. It can also be used as a base for pavers or concrete patios.

Plexiglas: A clear sheet of plastic that resembles glass. It is a less expensive alternative to glass often and is often it is used to replace glass in applications that need more strength.

Plinth block: A flat rectangular block of wood or plastic usually 4” x 8” x ½” in size. Used in the bottom corners of the casing around doors, which makes it easy to make a butt joint between the side of the door casing and the baseboard.

Plush carpet: A woven fabric made of yarn usually consisting of nylon, polyester, cotton or wool that is cut to create a flat surface. It is softer and smoother than berber. The higher the weave the softer, smoother, more crush resistant and durable the carpet is. It comes in many different colors.

Plywood: A board that is made from glue and thin wood veneers that are laminated in layers going opposite directions to make it stronger. It is often used because it is cheaper and more environmentally friendly since than solid wood. It comes in sizes from 2’ x 2’ sheets to 4’ x 8’ sheets and thicknesses from 1/8” to 1” thick. It comes in different types such as CDX, cabinet grade and solid core plywood.

Plywood T&G: A board that is made from glue and thin wood veneers that are laminated in layers going opposite directions to make it stronger. One side has a lip that runs the full length and the other side has a matching groove. Each sheets lip attaches to the groove on another sheet. It is often used because it is cheaper and more environmentally friendly since than solid wood. It comes in sizes from 2’ x 2’ sheets to 4’ x 8’ sheets and thicknesses from 1/8” to 1” thick. It is used for subflooring in residential and commercial projects.

Polyurethane: A mixture of polyurethane, dryers, and additives to extend drying time. Used to protect wood from water damage and scratches and make them shiny.

Polyurethane caulk: A paste made with polyurethane instead of silicone to prevent it from cracking and splitting so quickly, once hardened it seals cracks in materials such as wood, plastic, metal, masonry and concrete. It comes in large tubes and is applied using a caulk gun usually. Due to expansion and contraction it still tends to crack and split over time, but should hold up longer than silicone caulk. Comes in different types for different applications such as windows and doors, indoor/outdoor and concrete crack sealer.

Polyurethane columns: Hollow columns made of polyurethane, a type of plastic, to look like wood columns. Sometimes filled with a wood or metal post for structure. Often used because of their low maintenance, low cost and easy installation. They come in only two different colors usually, white and dark green, the most common is white. It can be cut and drilled with regular woodworking tools in any way necessary just like wood. They can be sanded and painted, but will lose their low maintenance exterior.

Polyurethane glue: An extremely strong, clear, waterproof glue made using polyurethane. Often used in outdoor projects and where there is a need for extra strength. One piece of wood to be glued needs to be damp and the other piece needs the glue applied. It foams as it is working and when it dries the excess needs to be scraped before it can be sanded, stained or painted.

Polyurethane trim: A plastic trim made to look like wood trim. It comes in different contemporary, colonial, Victorian and other styles of trim. It can be trimmed, coped and painted just as wood trim is. It is attached using special polyurethane glue made for putting up polyurethane trim, however it can be attached with nails just like wood trim. It comes in varying types ranging from crown moulding to quarter round as well as three standard colors white, brown and green. It can be gotten in both painted and unpainted styles. It is used often outside or in places with high moisture. It also is used because it can be bent around curves and is resistant to rot, insects, warping and splitting and never needs to be painted unless you get the unpainted style. If you do paint it, it will no longer be low maintenance.

Poly vinyl chloride pipe: A white hard plastic pipe used for drain, waste and vent pipe in residential and commercial properties. Its put together using special glue made for putting PVC together.

Poly vinyl chloride post: Hollow columns made of poly vinyl chloride, a type of plastic, to look like wood posts. Sometimes filled with a wood or metal post for structure. Often used because of their low maintenance, low cost and easy installation. They come in only two different colors usually, white and dark green, the most common is white. It can be cut and drilled with regular woodworking tools in any way necessary just like wood. They can be sanded and painted, but will lose their low maintenance exterior.

Poly vinyl chloride railing: Hollow columns of poly vinyl chloride, a type of plastic, made to look like wood posts, rails and balusters. Sometimes the posts are filled with concrete or a wood or metal post for structure. Often used because of their low maintenance, low cost and easy installation. They come in only two different colors usually, white and dark green, the most common is white. It can be cut and drilled with regular woodworking tools in any way necessary just like wood. They can be sanded and painted, but will lose their low maintenance exterior.

Poly vinyl chloride trim: A plastic trim made to look like wood trim. It comes in different contemporary, colonial, Victorian and other styles of trim. It can be trimmed, coped and painted just as wood trim is. It is attached using special polyurethane glue made for putting up PVC trim, however it can be attached with nails just like wood trim. It comes in varying types ranging from crown moulding to quarter round as well as three standard colors white, brown and green. It is used often outside or in places with high moisture. It also is used because it can be bent around curves and is resistant to rot, insects, warping and splitting and never needs to be. If you do paint it, it will no longer be low maintenance.

Pond liner: A rubber sheet used to cover the ground under small water gardens or pools to keep the water in. It needs to be covered with pea gravel and sand to protect it and keep it from moving.

Porcelain tile: A tile made of a high grade of clay. Unlike ceramic tile the color goes through the whole tile. It is laid just like ceramic tile.

Portland cement: A fine ground stone dust used by itself or as an additive in concrete.

Post: A long square piece of wood, metal, fiberglass, PVC, etc. used to hold up roofs or railings or ceiling.

Prefinished hardwood flooring: Solid wood boards laid on floors to make a nice flat surface to walk on. Often they are put together using tongue & groove. It comes in different thicknesses from ½” to ¾” and varying widths and lengths. It comes finished from the factory with a baked on finish so it can be installed and used the same day unlike unfinished, which needs to be sanded, finished and let dry. The finish from the factory is twice as hard and durable as what could be done on site. Often it’s stained, but can be painted or enameled to make a different look. It needs to be nailed to the floor and or glued together.

Pressure-treated lumber: Dimensional lumber sprayed with chemicals to keep it from drying out fast and protect it from rot and insects. Until last year it was often treated with arsenic, which can be hazardous, so they changed their formula to make it safer. If you cut or sand it you may want to wear a mask and goggles to keep the fine dust out of your eyes and throat.

PVC pipe: A white hard plastic pipe used for drain, waste and vent pipe in residential and commercial properties. Its put together using special glue made for putting PVC together.

PVC post: Hollow columns made of poly vinyl chloride, a type of plastic, to look like wood posts. Sometimes filled with a wood or metal post for structure. Often used because of their low maintenance, low cost and easy installation. They come in only two different colors usually, white and dark green, the most common is white. It can be cut and drilled with regular woodworking tools in any way necessary just like wood. They can be sanded and painted, but will lose their low maintenance exterior.

PVC railing: Hollow columns of poly vinyl chloride, a type of plastic, made to look like wood posts, rails and balusters. Sometimes the posts are filled with concrete or a wood or metal post for structure. Often used because of their low maintenance, low cost and easy installation. They come in only two different colors usually, white and dark green, the most common is white. It can be cut and drilled with regular woodworking tools in any way necessary just like wood. They can be sanded and painted, but will lose their low maintenance exterior.

PVC trim: A plastic trim made to look like wood trim. It comes in different contemporary, colonial, Victorian and other styles of trim. It can be trimmed, coped and painted just as wood trim is. It is attached using special polyurethane glue made for putting up PVC trim, however it can be attached with nails just like wood trim. It comes in varying types ranging from crown moulding to quarter round as well as three standard colors white, brown and green. It is used often outside or in places with high moisture. It also is used because it can be bent around curves and is resistant to rot, insects, warping and splitting and never needs to be. If you do paint it, it will no longer be low maintenance.

Quartz countertop: A countertop made of a hard durable stone, which makes a beautiful natural countertop surface much like granite, but not quite as hard. It is less expensive and just as beautiful as granite. It comes in several natural colors.

Rail: Either a piece of wood, metal, fiberglass or PVC used as a handhold between posts or columns on a fence or railing and used to hold in balusters or a board on the top and bottom of a panel to form a panel door.

Railing: Also known as a balustrade. A fence like structure used for safety around decks porches or patios to keep people from falling off. It often has spindles or balusters attached for extra security and aesthetics.

Rattan: A hard dense grass that is used to make a fabric, similar to wicker, used to construct furniture and other things for the home. It is often used outdoors because of its resistance to rot and insects.

Redwood decking: Boards made of an extremely rot and insect resistant wood that are used to cover supports, or joists, to make a stable surface to walk on. It is used on decks, porches and patios because of its resistance to the elements.

Redwood post: Boards made of an extremely rot and insect resistant wood that are used to support railings, ceilings and roofs.

Redwood railing Boards made of an extremely rot and insect resistant wood that are used to create a fence like structure used for safety around decks porches or patios to keep people from falling off. It often has spindles or balusters attached for extra security and aesthetics.

Retaining wall block: A block usually about 16” wide at the front and tapered back to about 12”, about 16” deep and 6 to 8 inches high. Often they have a lip at the back used to lock them together. They are used around flowerbeds and to hold back dirt and create terraces.

River rock: Round, smooth, polished rocks no larger than 2” often used around flowers and trees in flowerbeds. Sometimes embedded in mortar and used as flooring.

Rock mulch: Round, smooth, polished rocks no larger than 2” often used around flowers and trees in flower beds to hold in moisture and heat.

Rock wool insulation: insulation made of very thin strands materials that are very resistant to heat. It was often used around the mid 20th century, but went out of style because of how messy it was, it would fall out when the wall was open. It has to be blown in place with water and usually requires an insulation contractor to acquire the material.

Roofing nail: A small thin wire like piece of metal with a point at one end and a large flat, round piece of metal at the other end. It’s used to attach shingles to the roof of a structure.

Roof trusses: Structures made of dimensional lumber, which are attached to each other using nailing plates. They form a support for the roof of a building. They come in different lengths and heights to fit the style of roof and building they are being used for.

Rubber mulch: Small strips of rubber used around flowers and trees in flowerbeds to hold in moisture and heat. It will last for years.

Rubber roofing: A rubber membrane, or sheet that is used on flat roofs, roof decks and balconies to make them waterproof and keep water from destroying the structure below. Its most common use is on flat roofs of commercial building. Can fail if not installed properly. It needs to be stored out of the sun and kept out of direct sunlight even after it is installed or it can harden and become brittle.

Rubber shakes: Often used to refer to shingle made of rubber to resemble a wood shake used for roofing.

Rubber shingles: Roofing shingles made from rubber often made to resemble slate. Is used in place of slate because of its close resemblance and durability. They are molded from molds of real slate so they have the real appearance of slate shingles. They are extremely waterproof and can resist damage from things falling on them such as ice or hail.

Rubberized steel roofing: Ribbed or corrugated long thin metal panels covered with a thin coating of rubber laid on a roof to make a water tight roof and add color, character, style and texture to it. The rubber coating protects the metal from water so it does not rust, adds color, protects from damage from small hail and other objects as well as deadens sound transfer unlike plain metal roofing.

Rubble stone: A common stone, also called fieldstone, found in much of the world. Often round and smooth, it comes in many different colors and is usually no larger than 18” in diameter. Often it is used for building fireplaces and chimneys. In country homes built before the twentieth century it was often used to build stone foundations.

Sand: Very fine stone pebbles often used in sandboxes for kids. It can also be used as a base for pavers or concrete patios. Also used as an additive in concrete, mortar or grout.

Sanded grout: A mixture of sand, water and stone dust that is used to fill the spaces between tile. This kind of grout is used in floor tile and should not be used in wall tile. It comes in white, beige, brown, gray or black.

Screw: A thin wire like piece of metal with a point at one end and a flat, round piece of metal at the other end. It can have horizontal flat threads or angled threads, which stick into the material they are going into and hold tight. It’s used to attach things and is more popular than nails because it can hold things together a lot tighter. They come in different lengths, diameters and types such as wood screws and metal screws.

Shag carpet: A woven fabric made of yarn usually consisting of nylon, polyester, cotton or wool that is cut. The threads are allowed to run from about an inch to three inches long and the weave count is very low so the threads lay over on their side. It comes in many different colors.

Shake: Often used to refer to a wood shingle, a piece of wood usually no more than a half an inch thick, twelve inches wide and eighteen inches tall cut to a taper along the height. Often used for roofing, but can be used for siding especially on what are called shingle style homes. Often made from cedar, especially Western red cedar, but can be made from other types of wood and materials such as yellow pine or vinyl.

Shingle: A piece of wood usually no more than a half an inch thick, twelve inches wide and eighteen inches tall cut to a taper along the height. Often used for roofing, but can be used for siding especially on what are called shingle style homes. Often made from cedar, especially Western red cedar, but can be made from other types of wood and materials such as yellow pine or vinyl.

Shutters: A board the same length and half the width of a window made of two boards of metal, wood or plastic on either side a window. They can be paneled or louvered. They are used for aesthetics or as they have been traditionally, to protect windows from damage such as storms. They can come in many different colors.

Sill: The bottom board of a window frame, which can be made from aluminum, vinyl, wood, PVC or polyurethane. It allows water to run away from the window and the house to keep it dry and stop water from getting behind the walls and rotting them away.

Silicone caulk: A paste made with silicone that when hardened is used to seal cracks in materials such as wood, plastic, metal, masonry and concrete. It comes in large tubes and is applied using a caulk gun usually. Due to expansion and contraction it tends to crack and split over time. Comes in different types for different applications such as windows and doors, indoor/outdoor and concrete crack sealer.

Sisal: A carpet made of weaved wool strands often used for rugs. It is a little rougher than regular carpet, but is very durable and stain resistant. It comes only in shades of beige or off-white.

Slate roofing: Roofing tiles, or small panels, made from a natural stone used to cover and protect a roof. It is very expensive to buy and install, but gives a very unique look to a home. It can break easily if it freezes or has something fall on it. It is often found on older homes built in the 1800’s or before in the New England area, but can still be installed on newer homes.

Soapstone countertop: A soft porous stone that is cut into slabs and used as countertops. Soapstone stains easily so every couple months it needs to be sealed with mineral oil to protect it and bring out the beauty in the stone.

Solid core plywood: A special type of plywood that has a solid wood core covered with a sheet of veneer on either side going in different directions. It is often used for furniture or paneling. Comes in various thicknesses from 1/8” to 1” and sizes from 2’ x 2’ to 4’ x 8’.

Solid surface: A material made of plastic, sometimes several different kinds that is molded into any type of countertop the person needs. Comes with different edges, colors, styles and can be customized with different inlays, drains and built in sinks. Popular because of how easy it is to keep clean, maintain and resistance to heat. Often used as a substitute for more expensive stone or natural countertops.

Solid wood door: A solid door made of solid wood or MDO plywood. It is much heavier than hollow core doors and is much more durable and expensive than hollow core doors. It comes in both panel style doors and flat, plain doors.

Spackle: A thick, mayonnaise like liquid made from stone dust, water and other materials that is used to patch holes in walls.

Spike: A long thick wire like piece of metal with a point at one end and a flat, round piece of metal at the other end. It’s used to attach materials that are thicker than 3”.

Spindle: Another name for a baluster. Usually a decorative piece of wood turned on a lathe and evenly spaced and placed in a vertical position on a deck or stairway and attached to a deck or stairway railing. Used for aesthetics as well as safety to prevent people from falling off the deck or stairway.

Spline: A strip of wood placed in a groove cut in the edges of two boards, similar to tongue & groove, to attach them and help prevent warping and cupping. It is most often used on tabletops.

Spray in foam insulation: A special mixture of chemicals, which expand when sprayed onto a surface such as a wall cavity. Comes in two types urethane and icynene and two styles regular and dense. Urethane was the popular version until it was outlawed because of its health and environmental effects. Regular type is used for most installations because it allows the wall to breathe, dense is used in situations such as basements where there is a need to be waterproof and should not be used for normal installations. It can be sprayed with air or water, air is the most popular. It can be applied in small amounts using a spray can, but for larger installations an insulation contractor who is trained to handle it should apply it.

Spray on foam glue: An extremely strong, clear, waterproof glue made using polyurethane. It is often used in outdoor projects or attaching something to concrete. It foams and fills the voids in an object so it can create a strong bond on ruff porous material like concrete.

Sprinkler heads: A small device attached to either a series of pipes run under a lawn or flower bed to bring water to them or a system of pipes and sprinkler heads which are installed in a ceiling and are activated by heat, smoke or fire that will put out flames. They come in different styles with different spray patterns and distances to water your lawn or plants.

Sprinkler system: A term which can refer to a series of pipes run under a lawn or flower bed to bring water to them. It may also refer to a system of pipes and sprinkler heads, which are installed in a ceiling and are activated by heat, smoke or fire that will put out flames.

Standard 3 tab shingle: An asphalt shingle panel comprised of three equal sized shingles.

Steel roofing: Ribbed or corrugated long thin metal panels often coated with enamel laid on a roof to make a water tight roof and add color, character, style and texture to it. The enamel coating protects the metal from water so it does not rust and adds color. It also can just be left natural and allowed to weather or rust naturally.

Steel shakes: Roofing or siding made to resemble wood shingles, or shakes. The steel is bent into the shape of the shingle and embossed with wood grain. The steel panels lock together using a groove and are attached using a nailing strip of steel with grooves for nails to attach it to the wall. Popular because of its low maintenance, only needed to be hosed down with a pressure washer wash once or twice a year and the fact that it’s waterproof and unaffected by sunlight. Some of the drawbacks are that it heats up quickly, fades over time in the sunlight, can be noisy during thunderstorms and the paint can turn to powder in time. They come in a variety of different colors, sizes and styles, some even made to look like stained wood.

Steel shingles: Roofing or siding made to resemble wood shingles, or shakes. The steel is bent into the shape of the shingle and embossed with wood grain. The steel panels lock together using a groove and are attached using a nailing strip of steel with grooves for nails to attach it to the wall. Popular because of its low maintenance, only needed to be hosed down with a pressure washer wash once or twice a year and the fact that it’s waterproof and unaffected by sunlight. Some of the drawbacks are that it heats up quickly, fades over time in the sunlight, can be noisy during thunderstorms and the paint can turn to powder in time. They come in a variety of different colors, sizes and styles, some even made to look like stained wood.

Steel shutters: A board the same length and half the width of a window made of two boards of enameled steel on either side a window. They can be paneled or louvered. They are used for aesthetics or as they have been traditionally, to protect windows from damage such as storms. They come in many different colors and are used because they are resistant to insects, water and rot.

Steel siding: Steel bent into the shape of wood clapboards and embossed with wood grain. Often coated with a baked on enamel finish. Comes in varying lengths, reveals and different colors, the most popular being white.

Steel stud: Boards made of metal attached in a vertical position to the top and bottom plate of a wall. Used as a support to attach drywall or sheathing to and create a space to run pipes and wires through and fill with insulation. Used in construction because of their strength and resilience, which is much higher than wood. You need special tools like metal hole cutters and tin snips to make them fit, attach them and fish pipes and wires through them.

Stile: A board made of wood, metal or plastic placed in a vertical position on either side of a panel door for support and to hold the rails apart.

Stone: Rock, which is cut into blocks, bricks or large slabs and used for siding, paving, retaining walls, landscape edging, countertops, etc.

Stone dust: Stone ground into a powder used in many products such as grout, joint compound and concrete. Also used to add color and texture to the surface of asphalt.

Stone mulch: Round, smooth, polished rocks no larger than 2” often used around flowers and trees in flower beds to hold in moisture and heat.

Stone veneer: Stone which is cut into small brick shaped slabs which are flat on the back and left rough on the front. It is used for siding on walls and buildings to give the illusion of solid stone construction.

Strandboard: It means a board that is made from glue and wood chips that are laminated in layers going opposite directions to make it stronger. It is often used because it is cheap and environmentally friendly since it uses waste and does not have to come from old growth trees. It comes in the same sizes and thicknesses as plywood.

Stripper: A chemical, such as an acid used to remove finishes, such as paint, varnish, polyurethane and stain from wood so that it can be refinished.

Stucco: A stone dust, which is mixed with water to make a thick liquid, which is like mayonnaise. It is put on walls of buildings to create a hard, rough, sandy surface that does not have to be painted. It is often found in older homes as well as Spanish, Southwestern and Mission style homes. Occasionally it is still used in new homes when someone wants it.

Stud: Boards made of metal or wood attached in a vertical position to the top and bottom plate of a wall. Used as a support to attach drywall or sheathing to and create a space to run pipes and wires through and fill with insulation.

Subfloor: A floor underneath the flooring, which the subfloor lays on or is attached to. Subfloors are attached to the joists under the floor. Often subfloors are plywood. The best subfloor is tongue & groove plywood attached with screws so that it will minimize squeaky floors in the finished job.

Substrate: A material, which is placed under a floor, countertop or behind a wall for support. It can be cement board, mortar, plywood, felt paper, plastic mat, etc.

Super glue: A special glue that is similar to epoxy. It is made from a type of plastic and is very strong. It can be used on wood, plastic, metal, etc. Often it comes in small tubes and is clear.

Suspended ceiling: A ceiling made of tiles made of Styrofoam, wood or metal in sizes from 2’ x 2’ to 2’ x 4’ and laying a grid which is attached and hung from an existing ceiling or rafters and joists.

Swoop carpet: A woven fabric made of yarn usually consisting of nylon, polyester, cotton or wool that is cut just like plush. The threads are allowed to run about an inch to an inch and a half long and the weave count is very low so the threads lay over on their side. It is very similar to shag carpet except shorter. It comes in many different colors.

Terracotta: A material made from fired clay, which is often molded into floor tile and roof tiles. Often found in Southwestern, Mission or Spanish style homes.

Terrazzo: A material made by embedding marble chips into cement and grinding and sanding it smooth then putting a sealer on it to make it waterproof, scratch resistant and easy to keep clean.

Textured carpet: A woven fabric made of yarn usually consisting of nylon, polyester, cotton or wool. The threads are trimmed at different lengths to create designs like intersecting diamonds in the carpet. It comes in both berber, which is the most popular and also plush and velvet. It comes in many different colors.

Threshold: A strip of wood, metal or plastic used to cover the gaps between flooring in doorways. It also helps to create a weather seal between the door and the ground.

Tile: A square made of ceramic, porcelain, foam, vinyl, metal and wood used to cover floors and ceilings.

Tongue & groove plywood: A board that is made from glue and thin wood veneers that are laminated in layers going opposite directions to make it stronger. It is often used because it is cheaper and more environmentally friendly since than solid wood. It comes in sizes from 2’ x 2’ sheets to 4’ x 8’ sheets and thicknesses from 1/8” to 1” thick. Each sheet has a thin piece of wood on one long side and a groove that is the same size on the other long side. They slip together and are used to create non-squeaky subfloors in residential and commercial projects.

Tongue & groove siding: Boards with a thin piece of wood on one long side and a groove that is the same size on the other long side. They slip together and are nailed to the walls on the outside of the house either vertically or horizontally. It comes in different sizes and materials and is often found on sheds.

Top plate: A 2 x 4 or 2 x 6 placed horizontally on the top of a wall to which all the studs are attached. It can also be used to hold to wall sections together.

Trim: Boards made of wood, metal or plastic used to cover the corner between walls, between walls and ceilings, on furniture and around doors and windows as a decoration. They come in different types including Contemporary, Colonial, Victorian and different styles such as crown moulding and baseboard.

Trusses: Structures made of dimensional lumber, which are attached to each other using nailing plates. They form a support for the floor or roof of a building. They come in different lengths and heights to fit the floor or style of roof and building they are being used for.

Tub surround: A material used to surround the back and sides of a tub to protect the wall from water damage. It can be made from ceramic tile, acrylic and solid surface.

U-bolt: A bolt bent into a u-shape used to attach things to round poles.

Underground sprinkler system: A series of pipes run under a lawn or flowerbed to bring water to them. They come with different heads that can make different spray patterns and distances to water your lawn or plants.

Underlayment: A material, which is placed under a floor, countertop or behind a wall for support. It can be cement board, mortar, plywood, felt paper, plastic mat, etc. See also Substrate.

Unfinished hardwood flooring: Solid wood boards laid on floors to make a nice flat surface to walk on. Often they are put together using tongue & groove. It comes in different thicknesses from ½” to ¾” and varying widths and lengths. It has to be sanded, finished and let dry, often for two or three days before it can be used. The finish protects the floor from damage, such as scratches, dents, etc., but a factory finish is twice as hard and durable as what could be done on site. Often it’s stained, but can be painted or enameled to make a different look. It needs to be nailed to the floor and or glued together.

Unsanded grout: A mixture of silicone and water that is used to fill the spaces between tile. This kind of grout is used in wall tile and should not be used in floor tile. It comes in white, beige, brown, gray or black.

Vapor barrier: A plastic sheet that allows air to pass through from one side and nothing from the other. It allows air to escape from the house so the house can breathe and allow the insulation and the walls to dry out if they get wet, without letting air or water in from outside. It comes in heights of 8’ to 10’ and varying lengths. It is used on the inside of the outside walls of the house to protect the insulation.

Velvet carpet: A woven fabric made of yarn usually consisting of nylon, polyester, cotton or wool that is cut to create a flat surface. It is softer and smoother than berber. The higher the weave the softer, smoother, more crush resistant and durable the carpet is. It comes in many different colors.

Veneer: A thin sheet or strip of solid wood that is used on the surface of particleboard or plywood to give the illusion of solid wood.

Veneer flooring: Boards made from layers of solid wood veneers layered on top of each other in opposite directions to make it stronger. The top layer is made from a beautiful hardwood veneer either 1/8” or ¼” thick to make a surface that can be refinished a couple of times before it can be replaced. Often they are put together using tongue & groove. It comes in different thicknesses from ½” to ¾” and varying widths and lengths. It has to be sanded, finished and let dry, often for two or three days before it can be used. The finish protects the floor from damage, such as scratches, dents, etc., but a factory finish is twice as hard and durable as what could be done on site. Often it’s stained, but can be painted or enameled to make a different look.

Veneer plywood: A special type of plywood with a face veneer which is free of defects such as knots, wormholes, splits, cracks, etc. Comes in various thicknesses from 1/8” to 1” and sizes from 2’ x 2’ to 4’ x 8’.

Vinyl: A plastic, waterproof material that can be molded into many things such as siding, flooring and furniture.

Vinyl clapboards: Siding made to resemble wood clapboards, which are boards that are often evenly spaced and attached to the walls on the outside of the house. The vinyl is molded to the shape of usually three or four evenly spaced clapboards and embossed with wood grain. The vinyl panels lock together using a groove and are attached using a nailing strip of vinyl with grooves for nails to attach it to the wall. Popular because of its low maintenance, only needed to be hosed down with a pressure washer or vinyl siding wash once or twice a year and the fact that its waterproof and unaffected by sunlight. They come in a variety of different colors, sizes and styles, some even made to look like stained wood.

Vinyl concrete patch: A thick liquid made from vinyl used to fill holes in concrete. It creates a strong bond between the patch and the concrete so it won’t come back out.

Vinyl flooring: Often mistakenly referred to as linoleum. It actually is a thin, resilient rubbery flooring made from vinyl that is laid onto the floor on top of mastic. It is often used to save money on ceramic or stone tile. It comes in many different colors made with dies and styles to look like tile and wood flooring.

Vinyl jamb liner: A strip of vinyl that has a groove in it and is used to hold a window sash in place and allow it to move up and down. Jamb liners were invented as an alternative to sash cords and weights that are not energy efficient and have a tendency to break if not taken care of.

Vinyl post: Hollow columns made of vinyl, a type of plastic, to look like wood posts. Sometimes filled with a wood or metal post for structure. Often used because of their low maintenance, low cost and easy installation. They come in only two different colors usually, white and dark green, the most common is white. It can be cut and drilled with regular woodworking tools in any way necessary just like wood. They can be sanded and painted, but will lose their low maintenance exterior.

Vinyl railing: Hollow columns of vinyl made to look like wood posts, rails and balusters. Sometimes the posts are filled with concrete or a wood or metal post for structure. Often used because of their low maintenance, low cost and easy installation. They come in only two different colors usually, white and dark green, the most common is white. It can be cut and drilled with regular woodworking tools in any way necessary just like wood. They can be sanded and painted, but will lose their low maintenance exterior.

Vinyl shakes: Siding made to resemble wood shingles, or shakes. The vinyl is molded to the shape of the shingle and embossed with wood grain. The vinyl panels lock together using a groove and are attached using a nailing strip of vinyl with grooves for nails to attach it to the wall. Popular because of its low maintenance, only needed to be hosed down with a pressure washer or vinyl siding wash once or twice a year and the fact that its waterproof and unaffected by sunlight. They come in a variety of different colors, sizes and styles, some even made to look like stained wood.

Vinyl shingles: Siding made to resemble wood shingles, or shakes. The vinyl is molded to the shape of the shingle and embossed with wood grain. The vinyl panels lock together using a groove and are attached using a nailing strip of vinyl with grooves for nails to attach it to the wall. Popular because of its low maintenance, only needed to be hosed down with a pressure washer or vinyl siding wash once or twice a year and the fact that its waterproof and unaffected by sunlight. They come in a variety of different colors, sizes and styles, some even made to look like stained wood.

Vinyl shutters: A board the same length and half the width of a window made of two boards of vinyl on either side a window. They can be paneled or louvered. They are used for aesthetics or as they have been traditionally, to protect windows from damage such as storms. They come in many different colors and are used because they are resistant to insects, water and rot.

Vinyl siding: Siding made to resemble wood clapboards, shingles or shakes, board and baton, tongue and groove and various other types. The vinyl is molded to the shape of the desired siding and embossed with wood grain. The vinyl panels lock together using a groove and are attached using a nailing strip of vinyl with grooves for nails to attach it to the wall. Popular because of its low maintenance, only needed to be hosed down with a pressure washer or vinyl siding wash once or twice a year and the fact that its waterproof and unaffected by sunlight. They come in a variety of different colors, sizes and styles, some even made to look like stained wood.

Vinyl tile: It is a thin, resilient rubbery flooring made from vinyl cut into squares or rectangles to look like ceramic tile or hardwood flooring planks that is laid onto the floor on top of mastic. It is often used to save money on ceramic or stone tile. It comes in many different colors made with dies and styles to look like tile and wood flooring.

Vinyl trim: Boards made of vinyl used to cover the corner between walls, between walls and ceilings, on furniture and around doors and windows as a decoration. They come in different types including Contemporary, Colonial, Victorian and different styles such as crown moulding and baseboard. It is often used because it is cheaper than other low maintenance rot, insect and waterproof trims. It comes in many different colors and never needs painted.

Wainscot: A panel of wood, beadboard, wallpaper or paint on the lower section of a wall. In the 18th and 19th centuries it was used to save money and protect the bottom part of the wall. Usually it is only about 3’ high, but occasionally it can be higher in some very high-end homes and businesses.

Wall anchor: A small round tube made in different lengths and diameters to fit the type of screw and thickness of drywall that you have or a bolt with metal flanges at the end that open up in the wall when the bolt is tightened down. They are used to attach things to the wall where there aren’t any studs for support.

Wallboard: A nickname for gypsum board or drywall given because of it is put on a wall. A board made from ground gypsum sandwiched between to sheets of paper. Comes in varying sizes from 2’ x 4’ to 4’ x 12’ and thickness from ¼” to 5/8”.

Water-based stain: A liquid die made from water, and other chemicals, which is used to color wood. Water stain soaks into the wood and creates a nice colorful surface to add beauty to wood. It is often used because it can be cleaned up with water.

Waterproof glue: A special wood glue, which is a yellow glue just like wood or carpenters glue, but is more waterproof. It is used for outdoor furniture and other outdoor projects because it’s waterproof, has a low price and is easy to use.

Waterproof rubber membrane: A rubber membrane, or sheet that is used along the eaves and valleys on a roof or on a window sill before it is installed. Sometimes installed over the whole roof like tar or felt paper to make it waterproof. Its most common use is on the eaves and valleys to protect them from ice dams. Can fail if not installed properly. It needs to be stored out of the sun and kept out of direct sunlight even after it is installed or it can harden and become brittle.

Wicker: A hard dense grass that is used to make a fabric used to construct furniture and other things for the home. It is often used outdoors because of its resistance to rot and insects.

Wonder board: Another name for green board. A special variety of water resistant drywall used in place of regular drywall in bathrooms or other places where there is moisture inside a home. It can be painted just like regular drywall.

Wood: A natural material made from trees that are cut down and sawed into boards used for house construction, furniture, cabinetry, siding and roofing.

Wood clapboards: Siding made of boards, which are often evenly spaced and attached to the walls on the outside of the house. Often they are cut on a slight angle lengthwise along the board to make them easier to layer and attach to the walls.

Wood decking: Boards made of wood that are used to cover supports, or joists, to make a stable surface to walk on. It is used on decks, porches and patios because of its affordability.

Wood fiber: Sawdust, wood shavings and small splinters, which are leftovers from the wood cutting process at the sawmills. Used for particleboard and composite material.

Wood glue: Another name for carpenters glue, which is a yellow glue made to attach wood.

Wood gutters: Wood formed into a channel shape or attached at a 45 degree angle, lined with a waterproof rubber membrane and or metal such as copper, used to collect water run off from a roof and channel it away from a house. Often coated with a baked on enamel finish. Comes in varying lengths, sizes and different colors, the most popular being white.

Wood lathe: A fine wire mesh or small strips of wood attached to the studs or concrete board to cover with plaster or stucco. When the plaster or stucco is applied to it they ooze through and when they dry they create what are called keys, which hold the plaster or stucco to the walls or ceiling of the building so that it doesn’t fall down.

Wood mulch: Small strips and chunks of wood used around flowers and trees in flowerbeds to hold in moisture and heat.

Wood putty: A thick liquid used to fill holes in wood. Once it dries it is supposed to disguise the holes in the wood. It comes in different colors to match the kind of wood or stain you may have. It also comes in crayon form to fill small cracks and tiny holes.

Wood screw: A thin wire like piece of metal with a point at one end and a flat, round piece of metal at the other end. It has angled threads, which stick into wood and hold tight. They come in different lengths and diameter.

Wood shake: Often used to refer to a wood shingle, a piece of wood usually no more than a half an inch thick, twelve inches wide and eighteen inches tall cut to a taper along the height. Often used for roofing, but can be used for siding especially on what are called shingle style homes. Often made from cedar, especially Western red cedar, but can be made from other types of wood and materials such as yellow pine or vinyl.

Wood shingle: A piece of wood usually no more than a half an inch thick, twelve inches wide and eighteen inches tall cut to a taper along the height. Often used for roofing, but can be used for siding especially on what are called shingle style homes. Often made from cedar, especially Western red cedar, but can be made from other types of wood and materials such as yellow pine or vinyl.

Wood shutters: A board the same length and half the width of a window made of two boards of wood on either side a window. They can be paneled or louvered. They are used for aesthetics or as they have been traditionally, to protect windows from damage such as storms.

Wood siding: Often found on older homes built before the 1960’s and occasionally in newer homes. It comes in clapboard, board and baton and tongue and groove styles. It’s mostly made from pine or fir, however it is also made in other materials such as cedar or redwood.

Wood stud: Boards made of metal attached in a vertical position to the top and bottom plate of a wall. Used as a support to attach drywall or sheathing to and create a space to run pipes and wires through and fill with insulation.

Yellow pine shakes: Similar to cedar shakes they are used for roofing shingles. These shingles are pressure treated to with stand the elements and insects. They have gained some popularity because of their claim to not warp, be longer lasting and weather evenly unlike cedar shakes.

Yellow pine shingles: Similar to cedar shakes they are used for roofing shingles. These shingles are pressure treated to with stand the elements and insects. They have gained some popularity because of their claim to not warp, be longer lasting and weather evenly unlike cedar shakes.